我国中小学校园欺凌问题研究及薄弱环节——基于CNKI文献关键词的共词分析

随着一系列恶性事件被媒体曝光，社会各界普遍关注和担忧校园欺凌问题，如何解决这一问题，已成为社会焦点。通过共词分析法对我国中小学校园欺凌问题研究现状进行考察发现，其研究主题主要包括六大类：校园欺凌行为特征研究、校园欺凌与学校管理的关系研究、校园欺凌与人际交往的关系研究、校园欺凌的成因与对策研究、校园欺凌的预防与治理研究、校园欺凌的社会问题研究，而研究的薄弱环节则主要包括品格教育研究、学生自我保护研究以及网络欺凌问题研究。因此，校园欺凌问题研究亟待进一步深化，研究视角也需进一步拓展。首先，除欺凌者、被欺凌者之外，旁观者也应纳入研究范畴，要将欺凌者和被欺凌者实施隔离，对受欺凌者要及时给予心理疏导，引导旁观者积极主动地帮助被欺凌者；其次，建议尽快出台相关的法律法规，为学校、教师及相关部门有效处理、解决校园欺凌问题提供法律支持及保障；最后，将综合预防与治理相结合，建立由学校、教师、学生组成的反欺凌共同体。     

"指标困局":农村贫困治理的实践与反思

在国家的扶贫实践中，地方政府的行为策略是影响扶贫绩效的关键变量。通过对精准扶贫政策实践的调研发现，中央政府不断升级的治理手段为重构央地关系创造了条件，地方政府对国家扶贫理念转型认知的偏差以及在形成路径依赖之后的策略行为不仅容易产生对总体局势的误判，还为后期的政策困局埋下了伏笔。在此背景下，地方扶贫工作遭遇“指标困局”，即地方政府很难实事求是去识别贫困户，只能在既有的指标约束下进行精准识别，扶贫工作陷入了反复识别，却仍难实现精准的怪圈。     

A critical approach to wage devaluation: The case of Spanish economic recovery

In line with the orientation of EU economic policy, the Spanish government has favoured a strategy of internal devaluation as a way of adjusting price levels within the currency union. The results of empirical studies indicate that the internal devaluation applied in Spain does not seem to have attained the desired goals in terms of reducing the relative prices of exports and consolidating a model of growth based on external demand. Indeed, the estimates drawn up show that tailwinds – the depreciation of the euro and the fall in risk premium as results of the measures taken by the ECB, greater economic activity by trading partners and the fall in the price of oil – exercised a decisive influence in the trends followed by the prices of exports and the balance of trade during the period of crisis management in Spain.     

数字经济发展的评估指标体系研究——基于投入产出视角

发展数字经济是我国重要国策，对其评估指标体系的研究受到多方关注，但目前我国数字经济测度仅仅局限于数字化产业和数字化创新，尚未形成一个完整、系统的数字经济评价指标体系。文章在引入治理环境的基础上，基于经济学上的投入产出视角探讨我国数字经济发展的有效测度方法，在研究数字经济的发展效应中新添了数字化治理和数字知识型人才供给两项指标，构建了一套基于投入产出视角的数字经济发展评价指标体系，为衡量数字经济发展提供了一个系统的体系。为提升数字治理现代化水平，更好发挥数字经济在促进经济高质量发展中的作用提供了实践意义和政策参考。     

Tomorrow's Leaders and Today's Agents of Change? Children,Sustainability Education and Environmental Governance

Children are central to the rhetoric supporting global climate agreements, yet they are also envisaged to play a strategic role in materialising such agreements. Along with other household actors, children are implicated in localised efforts to manage global resource sustainability. As learners in educational systems that are being redesigned to encompass messages of sustainability, children are moreover positioned as ‘agents of change’ through sustainability education. Drawing on theoretical work on children's agency and interdependence, this review calls for greater attention to the structural and relational dimensions of environmental knowledge transmission to inform sustainability education. This is presented as one move towards constructing what Middlemiss (2014) terms a more ‘socially sensitive’ model of sustainable development.     

基层党员坚定“四个自信”的实证研究——以浙江省嵊泗县为例

“四个自信”是党的最新理论成果，其对基层党员的影响理应是深远的。通过问卷、访谈以及文献分析等方法调查了以浙江省嵊泗县为代表的基层党员对“四个自信”的坚定状况。调研结果表明：其在总体上的坚定情况是可喜的，但也存在不少问题。通过对比参与调查的基层党员和非党员对在中国特色社会主义理论、道路、制度和文化等方面的差异，从民生问题、贫富差距扩大趋势、理论宣传教育程度和发展实际问题等方面分析原因，并据此提出了相应对策。     

CEO duality and firm performance: The moderating roles of other executives and blockholding outside directors

This study examines how the effect of CEO duality on firm performance is affected by two internal governance forces – namely other executives in the top management team and blockholding outside directors. Results based on a longitudinal dataset from the U.S. computer industry were consistent with my hypotheses. Specifically, I found that the effect of CEO duality was negative when the CEO had dominant power relative to other executives and when the board had a blockholding outside director, but was nonsignificant otherwise. This study enriches our understanding of the effect of CEO duality, and helps reinforce the call for the nonduality structure as the default choice and put the burden of proof on those who wish to justify otherwise on special grounds.     

治理的发轫与嬗变：中国历史视野下的考察

国内学术界一般以西方学术发展史作为背景，把治理作为一种社会互动来进行研究。中国历史视野下的治理，发轫于中国社会生活，其内涵最初主要是为了获取生存资料，即有收成才能够形成秩序也就是治理。从“乂”这个象形文字来看，乂就是治理，其原意为“收割”。不过，围绕生存资料的生产和分配逐渐产生了更加丰富的社会权力关系，而巩固和拓展这种权力关系则使得构筑更加严格的秩序成为必然。神秘感是构筑秩序的重要依据，而赋予仪式以神秘感的则是觋、巫等知识群体，他们将天、帝、王、人通过仪式联系在一起，建构起一套以礼为基础的秩序。但是，西周末年，觋、巫的神秘感被世俗的君权摧毁以后，“君臣秩序”以及由此构筑起来的社会秩序都被颠覆，从而导致“君臣之礼既坏”和“礼坏乐崩”的情形。“以智力相雄长”不仅表现在王室内部、诸侯之间、社会层面上，而且也表现在知识分子身上。从此以后，士绝大多数以追逐爵禄而骄天下为荣，以至于两千多年来一直存在“士贱而君肆”的情形。“君士互动”的治理模式，正是随着神秘主义的礼的崩溃而崩溃的。     

宗教事务依法管理的路径及基础——以四川藏区依法治理为视角

Under the situation that traditional beliefs have remained basically unchanged while the social economy has developed and population mobility has increased, with the trend of an in-creasing diversity in beliefs, and an increasing number of religious followers and temples, the management of religious affairs has become more difficult. In ethnic areas, the speed of moderniza-tion has accelerated, ethnic interactions are fre-quent, and the beneficial conflict or cultural con-flict among various ethnic groups has become nor-mal; the impact of modernity, ways of life, the value and ideals of the temples’ traditional culture and educational model brings new social pressure for the monks who are adapting to modernization, and making a leap in development while safeguard-ing traditional rituals, culture, religious education and development. The number of criminal cases involving monks has increased, which brings a strong negative influence to the religious followers in Tibetan areas. All these factors are directly in-fluencing the stability and harmonious development of the Tibetan areas. As the second-largest Tibetan area, the geo-graphical location of Sichuan’s Tibetan areas is u-nique. In ancient times, the policy of “keeping the Tibetan areas stable means keeping Kham sta-ble at first” had been an important measure for the central government to manage all of the Tibetan ar-eas. From the Qing dynasty to the present times, it still has a practical use, and even has special val-ue in the process of safeguarding the “long-term stability of Sichuan”, especially when the people have but a hazy understanding of the relationship between the freedom of faith and managing reli-gious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas, and one needs to have a legal response to it. Hence, “keeping Kham stable” needs to depend on the law, and legal means should be taken to safeguard the harmony and stability of the Tibetan areas in Sichuan. Management of the religious affairs according to the law is an inevitable requirement for China to promote the goal of ruling the country by law, com-prehensively deepen reform, and promote the mod-ernization of the country’s governance system and capability. Based on an active response to the guidance principle of strengthening the manage-ment of religious affairs according to the law pro-posed by the Central Government, and the Sichuan Provincial Government, we should standardize reli-gious activities and affairs, insist on a combination of legal management and policy guidance, adopt various measures, search for a practicable path to realize the significant goal of managing the religious affairs according to the law in Tibetan areas of Si-chuan. This article proposes some methods of man-aging the religious affairs according to the law as follows:1 ) To insist on the CPC’s leadership in reli-gious work and management of religious affairs;2 ) to actively and reliably promote the systematic con-
struction of the legalization of religious affairs;3 ) to insist on the combination of legal management and policy guidance;4 ) to encourage the public to manage religious affairs according to law; 5 ) to standardize the scale and number of monks by u-sing new methods of management;6 ) to strengthen the role of the “four troops” ( Party and Govern-ment leading cadres,ethnic religious work cadres, ethnic minority cadres and talents, and religious believers ) , especially religious believers; 7 ) to make full use of the regulatory framework of the Buddhist community; 8 ) to create conditions for those monks who wish to return to secular life;9 ) to distinguish the boundary between normal and il-legal religious activities, between folk custom and extreme religious concepts; 10 ) to identify and distinguish between “monks and lay people”, and“ordinary cases and religious cases”. At present, there are four foundations for managing religious affairs according to the law:1 ) the idea that freedom of faith is not only one’s right, but also one’s duty has gradually enjoyed popular support;2 ) there is a good policy base for managing religious affairs according to the law;3 ) there is a relatively strong theoretical basis for managing religious affairs according to the law;4 ) there exists good legal support for managing reli-gious affairs according to the law.     

政治公平化:中国特色政治发展的创新追求

政治公平化是政治体系结构和价值功能的公平化,这是关系中国政治发展的基础性理论课题和重大的实践问题。如果说政治公平化是人类政治文明进步的本质要求,那么,"积极借鉴人类政治文明有益成果"的中国特色政治发展,也必然要走政治公平化之路;如果说西方国家在政治公平化方面已经陷入了徘徊不前的现实困境,那么,政治公平化理应成为超越西方政治现代化的、中国特色政治发展的创新性目标追求;如果说政治公平化更是中国特色现代化的现实需要,那么,也就应该以中国共产党的公平执政引导中国特色的政治公平化,以国家治理公平化推进中国特色的政治公平化,以民生国家建设保障中国特色的政治公平化。